为何科比最优秀(中英文)
As a psychologist in my day job, it's always been a fascination of mine to try and understand what makes people tick. Having a chance to spend some time with Kobe Bryant last week at The Kobe Bryant Basketball Academy, I found myself wondering the same thing about him.
He's had such ups and downs during the course of his career both on and off the court. However, during most of that time he's been unquestionably the most physically talented basketball player on the planet, and there's always been something that made him stand out from the rest.
在日常生活里，作为一个心理学家，努力去了解到底是什么可以影响一个人的性格或行为成为了我的兴趣之一。上个礼拜，有幸在科比的篮球篮球学校和科比一起度过，我发现我自己对他有同样的兴趣。
不论是在场上还是场下，在他的职业生涯里，他跌宕起伏。但是，毫无疑问，在很长的时间里，他都是这个星球上最具天赋的球员，那么其中一定有让他可以异军突起、从那么多人中脱颖而出的原因。
So what exactly is it about Bryant that makes him perhaps the most unique player in the Association? Here's a look at six specific qualities that help differentiate Bryant from the pack.
那到底是什么东西可以促使科比成为联盟里最特别的球员呢？下面是六点因素，使得科比和剩下的一群人完全不同。
1. Physical Talent - You can have all the other attributes in the world, but natural ability is a must for someone to become an elite NBA player. Put simply, Bryant's physical skills are off the charts. He can run and jump with the best of them. He makes plays that others in the league are literally not capable of making, and he often makes them look effortless. While physical talent in isolation guarantees nothing, it is a prerequisite to becoming a player for the ages.
1、运动天赋－在这个世界上，你可以得到很多其他的东西，但是与生俱来的能力决定着你是否可以成为一个NBA的顶尖球员。简而言之，科比的身体技能并不顶尖。但是他可以使自己在最好的状态下跑跳。他可以表演很多别人的确做不到的东西，而且看起来他做这些都毫不费力。孤立地看，运动天赋可能并不能有多大的贡献，但是随着年月的增长，这将成为球员的必备条件。
2. Supreme Confidence - It can be difficult to walk the thin line between confidence and arrogance, and sometimes this can become more of a game of semantics than anything else. That said, there is no one in the NBA who has more confidence in his ability to perform than Kobe Bryant. He believes he's the best player on the floor every time he steps on the hardwood. While a lot of other players like to portray a facade of confidence, Bryant is the rare case of a player whose confidence is validated by his production.
2、高度自信－自信和自傲只有一线之隔，有时，它甚至会成为主宰比赛的关键词。这就是说，在NBA联盟里，在能力上，没有人会比科比自信。只要在场上，踏出步子的每时每刻，科比都坚信，他是最好的球员。而其他球员可能表面上看上去很自信，科比却是能用实际行动证明自己的罕见典型。
This, of course, doesn't always come across as the best quality in every situation. More than a few teammates have been rubbed the wrong way by Bryant's demeanor. However, the same goes for people who are really successful in the business world. Intent to dominate is usually going to make more enemies than friends, but it's a sensational quality to have for a professional athlete. Sure some of Bryant's teammates over the years haven't always flocked to him off the floor, but there's no doubt they wanted the ball in his hands coming down the stretch of a close basketball game.
当然，这也不是每次都会收到效果。不少队友就对科比的行为举止产生了误解。但是，同样的人在商业界却可以大获成功。想要主宰的念头通常会树立更多的敌人，而不是朋友，但是对于一个职业运动员来说，这是耸人听闻的。当然，在场下，这么些年来，科比的一些队友不会喜欢和他成群结队（意思就是不喜欢和科比一起玩），但是毫无疑问，在一场激烈的篮球比赛中，他们需要把球放到他手里去接管比赛。
While he'd never admit it, even Shaquille O'Neal wanted the ball in Bryant's hands late in the game when they were teammates. Why? Because Bryant had confidence he'd make the right play and after proving he was capable time after time, so did his teammates.
虽然他从来没有承认过这一点，即便是奥尼尔在的时候，他也希望在最后罐头，球可以在科比手里去终结。为什么呢？因为他有信心可以做出正确的投篮，在他一次又一次的证明他可以后，他的队友也就那么去做了。
3. Preparation - If you talk to people around the NBA you'll hear that no one prepares in all facets like Bryant does. During the offseason, no one works harder than Bryant in the weight room or on the hardwood. His offseason workouts over the years have turned into a 40-50 hour a week job.
3、充分准备－如果你和别人讨论NBA，那么你肯定会听到，在所有的方面，没有人会去像科比那样做好充分的准备。在休赛季，不管是在训练房还是球场上，没有人比科比更刻苦。这么些年，在休赛季的时候，他一般的训练量可以高达一个星期40－50个小时。
During the season, Bryant does absolutely everything to ensure he'll be ready to go on game night. He makes sure to get his rest between games (which certainly isn't a given for many of the multimillionaires in the NBA), meticulously studies his opponents and is by all reports as dedicated as anyone in the Association to getting the treatment he needs to get his body right. Combine this kind of preparation with Bryant's basketball acumen, and you basically have what amounts to a hardwood surgeon.
在赛季里，科比尽他所能保证自己每个比赛的晚上都是充足了弹药。在比赛中间，他保证自己可以得到休息（这在NBA里，大多数千万富豪可不是这样的），很细致地去研究他的对手，跟联盟里的任何的人一样敬业地去接受治疗使得身体可以恢复。这样充分的准备再结合科比的聪敏，足以可以让你相信，他可以在场上对地板进行手术（只是比喻而已）。
Bryant certainly has the physical ability that would allow him to slack off in this department from time-to-time as so many players in the NBA do. However, from all accounts he won't allow himself to do that. Superior physical talent combined with tireless preparation is what creates legendary athletes.
科比有很好的身体条件，这也许就可以允许他不时地放松懒散下，这也是很多NBA球员所做的事情。但是，科比从不允许自己这么做。超级的运动天赋结合不知疲倦的准备工作才能造就传奇人物。
4. Fear of Failure - Many people assume that very successful people are often driven by success. However, if you listen to people who have achieved the most in their respective careers, they will often tell you that the fear of failure was their greatest motivator. This is the reason why elite athletes often describe reaching the pinnacle of their sport as a relief as opposed to a feeling of exhilaration.
4、畏惧失败－很多人都认为，成功人物的动力来自于成功。但是，如果你去聆听下那些已经在各自的领域达到自己的目标的人的心声，他们通常会告诉你，畏惧失败才是他们最大的动力。这也是为什么，那些精英运动员把达到他们运动生涯的顶峰当作是一种安慰，却不是兴高采烈的感觉。
This seems to be the case with Bryant. That's not to imply Bryant doesn't like winning. Instead, the implication is that the fear of losing is even greater. Everyone in the NBA likes to win, but how many people have a genuine fear of failure? The answer is probably not that many. Of course, like most things the fear of failure exists on a continuum, and Bryant is unquestionably on one pole of that continuum.
看起来科比也是如此。这并不是说科比不喜欢赢球。相反，更多的是表示对失败的畏惧更大。在NBA的每一个人都喜欢赢球，但是有多少人真正畏惧失败呢？答案是大概不是很多。当然，和很多事情一样，对失败的恐惧是一个连续体，毫无疑问，科比也扮演着那个角色。
Perhaps this is why Bryant gets so frustrated with his teammates in the waning minutes of a loss. It's just hard for other people who don't possess such a significant fear of losing to relate with someone like Bryant whose fear of failure runs right down to the core of his being.
也许这也是为什么在无力的输球的时间里，科比会对他的队友感觉那么沮丧。这对那些不能体会失败恐惧的人来说，将很难与像科比那样的极其恐惧失败的人联系在一起。
5. Laser Focus - Have you ever noticed how hard it is to stay truly, 100 percent focused? A lot of us confuse sustaining attention with focus, but the truth is these are two different things. We can sustain our attention while simultaneously attending to other stimuli. However, maintaining focus requires one to shut off any and all outside distractions.
5、高度集中－不知你是不是有注意过，一个人很难去百分之百集中注意力？大部分人都会把坚持注意力与集中两个概念混淆，而事实是，这是两样东西。我们在坚持我们的注意力的时候同时也可以注意到其他东西对我们的刺激。但是，保持集中则需要一个人可以隔绝外界的任何干扰。
If you ever want to test your focus, try and listen to someone for even just 10 minutes. During this time, you have to give 100 percent of your attention to the person speaking. That means you can't have any other thoughts run through your head, be distracted by any background noise, take a brief five-second daydream, etc.
如果你想要测试下自己的集中度，尝试着去听一个人说10分钟的话。这次，你要拿出你百分之百的注意力去听。这意味着你的脑袋里不能去像任何其他东西，不能被任何背景音所打扰，连5秒钟的白日梦也不能做，还有其他等等。
It's harder than you think. The same can be said with regard to maintaining focus in a basketball game. It's virtually impossible for a human being to do it for a full 48 minutes. However, Bryant probably comes about as close as any current player to accomplishing this.
这比你所想的要难很多。这同样也可以运用到篮球比赛的集中度上。整个48分钟都高度集中简直是非人类所能及的。但是，科比可能是现役球员里最接近这一点的。
Relatively speaking, it's easy to maintain focus in The NBA Finals when magnitude of the moment requires it. However, it can be appreciably harder when playing a team that is 20+ games under .500 in March. More often than not, though, Bryant finds a way.
相对来说，在NBA总决赛里更容易集中一些，因为这个时刻真的很需要它。但是，当在三月还只有20场比赛时，你却还要和一支胜率在50％以下的球队一起打球，这真的很难。但是，往往也有例外，科比就找到了方法。
For players as talented as Bryant but with much less focus, you often hear scouts and coaches makes excuses such as: "He's better than everyone else on the floor and therefore loses interest." If you hear this line about a player, chances are he's never going to ascend to legendary status. Players like Bryant -- and others like Michael Jordan, Larry Bird, Magic Johnson and Bill Russell before him to name just a few -- maintain focus regardless of the opponent. Not only that, but they want to beat an inferior opponent bad enough to ensure they don't even get an inkling of belief that they one day might be able to win.
像科比那样才华横溢却缺少集中度的人，你经常会听见那些球探和教练为他们这么开脱：“在场上，他比谁都要优秀，所以不够集中（意思就是轻视对方）。”如果你听到这个球员获得这样的评价，那么很大程度上，他永远不会成为巨星。像科比那样的球员——或者是乔丹、伯德、魔术师约翰逊和拉塞尔（这些都在科比前面的巨星）——不管对手是谁，都会高度集中。不止这样，他们在打败对手时表现足够糟糕（意思就是说击败对手很艰难），那样才可以保证，他们日后不会想起原来曾经还击败过他。
6. Harnessing Stress- We live in a culture which often tells us stress and anxiety are bad and that we should get rid of such feelings. In reality, stress and anxiety are necessary for production. For example, if we didn't feel any stress or anxiety on a daily basis we likely wouldn't develop the motivation necessary to get out of bed and go succeed at our chosen profession. As anxiety increases so does performance, but only to a certain point. Too much stress and anxiety can cause people to be unable to function at all. In short, people generally perform at their best when they feel challenged but not overwhelmed and are given clear parameters for what constitutes success.
6、舒缓压力－我们生活在这样的环境中：它告诉我们压力和焦虑都是不足取的，我们要除去它们。事实上，压力和焦虑也有存在的必要性。例如，假如每天我们没有一点压力和焦虑，那么我们就没有动力起床，也就不会在我们的职业生涯里成功。当焦虑增加时，表现也会变好，但是这仅仅是一个点。过多的压力和焦虑会导致人们无所适从。简而言之，当人们感觉到挑战但是没被压倒的时候（这也就给定了能带来成功的范围）人们一般会表现得最好。
With Bryant, it seems as though his threshold for stress and anxiety is much higher than most. As opposed to the majority of people who view stress as a nuisance or byproduct of modern existence, elite athletes often embrace stress and view it as a chance to grow and achieve. In general, there seems to be a positive correlation between stress and achievement for Bryant. That is to say that as stress increases, Bryant tends to respond with increased production. This helps to explain why Bryant is often at his best late in games. When most others become flustered and nervous due to the magnitude of the moment, Bryant tends to thrive. This is a unique quality that truly high achievers seem to posses.
科比，看起来他所能承受的压力和焦虑要比一般的多很多。相对于大多数人来讲，他们把压力视为讨厌的东西或者只是现代化的副产品，但是对于科比，看起来，压力与成就之间，他找到了一个很好的平衡点。也就是说，压力增加，科比就会以一定的收获来回应。这也就解释了为什么往往比赛快结束时，科比的状态最好。当大多数人由于重大时刻的到来都开始紧张时，科比开始兴奋。这是真正的有高成就的人所拥有的一种独特的人格魅力。
